Steering Overview

The BMW E46 uses a hydraulic power-assisted rack-and-pinion steering system. The system provides excellent road feel characteristic of BMW’s driving dynamics.

System Components

Steering rack: ZF rack-and-pinion unit
Power steering pump: Belt-driven vane pump
Steering column: Collapsible with tilt adjustment
Steering wheel: 3-spoke or M-Sport options
Tie rods: Inner and outer, connect rack to knuckles
Fluid: ATF Dexron III (most USA-market) or Pentosin CHF 11S (some European-market)

Steering Ratio

Standard: 16.1:1
Lock-to-lock: 3.2 turns
Turning circle: 10.5m (34.4 ft)